Problemistics
[Virtual Libraries] [Index]
References
Articles List (^)
(Magazines)
ABF (Association des Bibliothécaires Français)
- Bogros, Olivier "La bibliothèque électronique de Lisieux", no. 174, 1997, pp.124-125
- Lahary, Dominique "Les bibliothèques françaises sur Internet : petite typologie", no. 174, 1997, pp.122-123
- Maignien, Yannick "Bibliothèques numériques : les aiguilleurs du Web", no. 174, 1997, pp.126-130
Archimag
- Roumieux, Olivier "Dossier sur La Bibliothèque Virtuelle", février 1998, n° 111, pp.23-32
Ariadne : http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/
BBF (Bulletin des Bibliothèques de France)
- Bakker, Trix "La bibliothèque virtuelle. Conséquences sur le développement des collections aux Pays-Bas", no. 3, 1997, pp.55-59
- Belbenoit-Avich, Pierre-Marie "La Bibliothèque électronique. Bibliothèque de demain ou d'aujourd'hui?", no. 6, 1993, pp.60-65
- Enderle, Wilfried "En route vers la bibliothèque numérique. Les projets en Allemagne", no. 3, 1997, pp.60-63
- Haavisto, Tuula "Internet dans les bibliothèques finlandaises", no. 3, 1997, pp.64-69
Maignien, Yannick "La Bibliothèque virtuelle ou de l'ars memoria à Xanadu", no. 2, 1995, pp.8-17
College & Research Libraries
- Graham, Peter S. "Requirements for the Digital Research Library", July 1995, pp.331-339
Communications of the ACM
- Fox, Edward A. et alii "Digital Libraries", April 1995, vol. 30, no. 4, pp.23-28
- Fox, Edward A. and Gary Marchionini, guest editors, "Toward a Worldwide Digital Library", April 1998, no. 4, pp.29-32
- Fox, Robert "Tomorrow's Library Today", January 1997, vol. 40, no. 1, pp.20-21
- Hüser, Christopher et alii "Knowledge-based Editing and Visualization for Hypermedia Encyclopedias", April 1995, vol. 30, no. 4, pp.49-50
- Levy, David M. et Marshall, Catherine C. "Going Digital : A Look at Assumptions Underlying Digital Libraries", April 1995, vol. 30, no. 4, pp.77-84
- Marchionini, Gary et Maurer, Hermann "The Roles of Digital Libraries in Teaching and Learning", April 1995, vol. 30, no. 4, pp.67-75
- Wiederhold, Gio "Digital Libraries, Value, and Productivity", April 1995, vol. 30, no. 4, pp.85-96
Computers in Libraries
- Noble, Cherrie "Reflecting on our Future. What will the role of the virtual librarian be?", February 1998, pp.50-54
D-Lib Magazine : http://www.dlib.org/
- Note : A series of interesting articles in a Web site worth exploring for links and information about digital libraries.
Documentation et Bibliothèques
- Teller, Sylvie "Modèle de développement d'une bibliothèque virtuelle sur le Web", avril-juin 1997, pp.67-72
Free Pint Newsletter
- Bhatt, Anjlee "Digital Libraries"
International Journal on Digital Libraries
- A realtively recent Journal (from April 1997) on the subject of Virtual Libraries [Publisher : Springer]
Liber (European Research Libraries Cooperation)
- Billington, James H. et alii "Summary Sessions: Steps needed to create a National Digital Library", 5, 1995, pp.137-141
- Bunzel, Jûrgen "A Survey of Computer Applications in German Libraries", 4, 1994, pp.261-273
- Thorn, Suzanne E. "The National Digital Library. Digitization at the Library of Congress", 5, 1995, pp.145-157
Libri
- Bawden, David and Ian Rowlands "Digital Libraries: Assumptions and Concepts", 1999, vol. 49, pp.181-191
- Rowlands, Ian and David Bawden "Digital Libraries: A Conceptual Framework", 1999, vol. 49, pp.192-202
- Rusch-Feja, Diann "Subject-Oriented Collection of Information Resources from the Internet", 1997, vol. 47, no. 1, pp.1-24
- Shaw, Debora "Libraries of the Future: Glimpses of a Networked, Distributed, Collaborative, Hyper, Virtual World" , 1994, vol. 44, no. 3, pp.206-223
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
- Faulhaber, Charles B. "Distance Learning and Digital Libraries: Two Sides of a Single Coin", 47, 11, 1996, pp.854-856
Journal of Library Administration
- Young, Arthur P. and Peters, Thomas A. "Reinventing Alexandria: Managing Change in the Electronic Library", vol. 22, no. 2/3, 1996, pp.21-41
Library High-Tech
- Lowry, Charles B. et Richards, Barbara G. "Courting Discovery: Managing Transition to the Virtual Library", issue 48, 1994, pp.7-13
- Olsen, Jan "Introduction to Cornell University's Albert R. Mann Library", issue 47, 1994, pp.32-37
- Penniman, W. David "The Library of Tomorrow: a universal window serving independent problem solvers", issue 40, 1992, pp.23-26
Managing Information
- Duncan, Moira "The Electronic Library at Work", June 1997, pp.31-34
- Oppenheim, Charles "The Virtual Library : some common sense please", January 1994, pp.573-581
- Sherwell, John "Building the Virtual Library : the case of Smithkline Beecham", June 1997, pp.35-36
- Sylge, Caroline "Back to the future. The case of the electronic library", July-August 1996, pp.25-30
Online & CDRom Review
- Catenazzi, Nadia et Sommaruga, Lorenzo "An Electronic Library based on Hyper-Books: the Hyper-Lib Project", vol. 19, no. 3, 1995, pp.127-134
Reference Services Review
- Dowler, Lawrence and Farwell, Laura "The Gateway: A Bridge to the Library of the Future", summer 1996, pp.7-11
Solaris
- dossier 03 : Médiations scientifiques et résaux électroniques
Special Libraries
- Clayes, Kay "The Journey from Vision to Reality of a Virtual Library", fall 1994, pp.253-257
- Piggott, Sylvia E. A. "The Virtual Library: Almost There... ", fall 1993, pp.206-212
- Powell, Alan "Management Models and Measurement in the Virtual Library", fall 1994,pp.260-263
- Stahal, D. Gail "The Virtual Library: Prospect and Promise or Plus ça Change, Plus C'Est la Même Chose", fall 1993, pp.202-205
The Electronic Library
- Barker, Philip "Electronic Libraries - visions of the future", vol. 12, no. 4, August 1994, pp.221-229
- Barker, Philip "Living books and dynamic electronic libraries", vol. 14, no. 6, December 1996, pp.491-501
- Jeapes, Ben "Digital libraries projects: where they are now - part one", vol. 13, no. 6, December 1995, pp.551-554
- Jeapes, Ben "Digital libraries projects: where they are now - part two", vol. 14, no. 1, February 1996, pp.62-64
- Steele, Colin "The digital library: dos, don'ts and developments", vol. 13, no. 5, october 1995, pp.435-437
- van Gils, Wouter "The precarious position between content and technology: libraries seeking their future", vol. 13, no. 6, December 1996, pp.533-537
- Webb, T. D. "The frozen library: a model for twenty-first century libraries", vol. 13, no. 1, February 1995, pp.21-26
- Witten, Ian H. and McNab, Rodger "The New Zealand Digital Library: collections and experiences", The Electronic Library, vol. 15, no. 6, December 1997, pp.495-504
Chronologic List (^)
(Documents)
Note : for more recent years it is highly advisable to refer mainly to electronic documents and to the Internet.
2003
- Bhatt, Anjlee "Digital Libraries"
1999
- Bawden, David and Ian Rowlands "Digital Libraries: Assumptions and Concepts", Libri, 1999, vol. 49, pp.181-191
- Rowlands, Ian and David Bawden "Digital Libraries: A Conceptual Framework", Libri, 1999, vol. 49, pp.192-202
1998
- Fox, Edward A. and Gary Marchionini, guest editors, "Toward a Worldwide Digital Library", Communications of the ACM, April 1998, no. 4, pp.29-32
- Kane, Oumar "Comment les Bibliothèques Gèrent les Problèmes des Journaux Electroniques", Rapport de recherche bibliographique, Enssib, Dessid, mars 1998, pp.1-47
- Laguardia, Cheryl "Recreating the Academic Library: Breaking Virtual Ground", Neal Schuman Publisher, 1998
- Noble, Cherrie "Reflecting on our Future. What will the role of the virtual librarian be?", Computers in Libraries, february 1998, pp.50-54
- Roumieux, Olivier "Dossier sur la Bibliothèque Virtuelle", Archimag, février 1998, no.11, pp.23-32
1997
- Bakker, Trix "La bibliothèque virtuelle. Conséquences sur le développement des collections aux Pays-Bas", Bulletin des Bibliothèques de France, no. 3, 1997, pp.55-59
- Bogros, Olivier "La bibliothèque électronique de Lisieux", Association des Bibliothécaires Français, no. 174, 1997, pp.124-125
- Duncan, Moira "The Electronic Library at Work", Managing Information, June 1997, pp.31-34
- Enderle , Wilfried "En route vers la bibliothèque numérique. Les projets en Allemagne", Bulletin des Bibliothèques de France, no. 3, 1997, pp.60-63
- Ensor, Pat ed. "The Cybrarian’s Manual", American Library Association, Chicago and London, 1997
- Fox, Robert "Tomorrow’s Library Today", Communications of the ACM, January 1997, vol.40, no.1, pp.20-21
- Haavisto, Tuula "Internet dans les bibliothèques finlandaises", Bulletin des Bibliothèques de France, no. 3, 1997, pp.64-69
- Lahary , Dominique "Les bibliothèques françaises sur Internet : petite typologie", Association des Bibliothécaires Français, no. 174, 1997, pp.122-123
- Le Crosnier, Hervé "Les Bibliothèques Numériques", polycopié, octobre 1997, pp.13
- Maignien, Yannick "Bibliotèques numériques : les aiguilleurs du Web", Association des Bibliothécaires Français, no. 174, 1997, pp.126-130
- Pastine, Maureen ed. "Collection Development: Access in the Virtual Library", Haworth Press, 1997
- Rusch-Feja, Diann "Subject-Oriented Collection of Information Resources from the Internet", Libri, 1997, vol. 47, no. 1, pp.1-24
- Sherwell, John "Building the Virtual Library: the case of Smithkline Beecham", Managing Information, June 1997, pp.35-36
- Teller, Sylvie "Modèle de développement d'une bibliothèque virtuelle sur le Web", Documentation et Bibliothèques, avril-juin 1997, pp.67-72
- Witten, Ian H. and McNab, Rodger "The New Zealand Digital Library: collections and experience", The Electronic Library, vol. 15, n° 6, December 1997, pp.495-504
1996
- Barker, Philip "Living books and dynamic electronic libraries", The Electronic Library, vol. 14, no. 6, December 1996, pp.491-501
- Dowler, Lawrence and Farwell, Laura "The Gateway: A Bridge to the Library of the Future", Reference Services Review, summer 1996, pp.7-11
- Faulhaber, Charles B. "Distance Learning and Digital Libraries: Two Sides of a Single Coin", Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 47, 11, 1996, pp.854-856
- Kuhlthau, Carol Collier (editor) et alii "The Virtual School Library: Gateway to the Information Superhighway", Libraries Unlimited, 1996
- Jeapes, Ben "Digital libraries projects: where they are now - part two", The Electronic Library, vol. 14, no. 1, February 1996, pp.62-64
- Saunders, Laverna M. ed. "The Evolving Virtual Library: visions and case studies", Information Today, 1996
- Sylge, Caroline "Back to the future. The case of the electronic library", Managing Information, July-August 1996, pp.25-30
- van Gils, Wouter "The precarious position between content and technology: libraries seeking their future", The Electronic Library, vol. 13, no. 6, December 1996, pp.533-537
- Young, Arthur P. and Peters, Thomas A. "Reinventing Alexandria: Managing Change in the Electronic Library", Journal of Library Administration, vol. 22, no. 2/3, 1996, pp.21-41
1995
- Billington, James H. et alii "Summary Sessions: Steps needed to create a National Digital Library", Liber, 5, 1995, pp.137-141
- Catenazzi, Nadia et Sommaruga, Lorenzo "An Electronic Library based on Hyper-Books: the Hyper-Lib Project", Online & CDRom Review, vol. 19, no. 3, 1995, pp.127-134
- Fox, Edward et alii "Digital Libraries", Communications of the ACM, April 1995, vol.30, no.4, pp.23-28
- Graham, Peter S. "Requirements for the Digital Research Library", College & Research Library, July 1995, pp.331-339
- Hüser, Christopher et alii, "Knowledge-based Editing and Visualisation for Hypermedia Encyclopaedias", Communications of the ACM, April 1995, vol.30, no.4, pp.49-50
- Jeapes, Ben "Digital libraries projects: where they are now - part one", The Electronic Library, vol. 13, no. 6, December 1995, pp.551-554
- Levy, David and Marshall, Catherine C. "Going Digital: A Look at Assumptions Underlying Digital Libraries", Communications of the ACM, April 1995, vol.30, no.4, pp.77-84
- Maignien, Yannick "La Bibliothèque virtuelle ou de l'ars memoria à Xanadu", Bulletin des Bibliothèques de France, no. 2, 1995, pp.8-17
- Marchionini, Gary and Maurer, Hermann "The Roles of Digital Libraries in Teaching and Learning", Communications of the ACM, April 1995, vol.30, no.4, pp.67-75
- Sabaratnam, Julie S. "Transforming Libraries to Support Change and Growth. Meeting the Challenges of the Twenty-first Century", in Dempsey, Lorcan et alii "Networking and the Future of Libraries", Library Association Publishing, London, 1995
- Steele, Colin "The digital library: dos, don'ts and developments", The Electronic Library, vol. 13, no. 5, October 1995, pp.435-437
- Thorn, Suzanne E. "The National Digital Library. Digitization at the Library of Congress", Liber, 5, 1995, pp.145-157
- Webb, T. D. "The frozen library: a model for twenty-first century libraries", The Electronic Library, vol. 13, no. 1, February 1995, pp.21-26
- Wiederhold, Gio "Digital Libraries, Value and Productivity", Communications of the ACM, April 1995, vol.30, no.4, pp.85-96
1994
- Barker, Philip "Electronic Libraries - visions of the future", The Electronic Library, vol. 12, no. 4, August 1994, pp.221-229
- Bunzel, Jûrgen "A Survey of Computer Applications in German Libraries", Liber, 4, 1994, pp.261-273
- Clayes, Kay "The Journey from Vision to Reality of a Virtual Library", Special Libraries, fall 1994, pp.253-257
- Lowry, Charles B. et Richards, Barbara G. "Courting Discovery: Managing Transition to the Virtual Library", Library High-Tech, issue 48, 1994, pp.7-13
- Olsen, Jan "Introduction to Cornell University's Albert R. Mann Library", Library High-Tech, Issue 47, 1994, pp.32-37
- Oppenheim, Charles "The Virtual Library: some common sense please", Managing Information, January 1994, pp.26-27
- Powell, Alan "Management Models and Measurement in the Virtual Library", Special Libraries, fall 1994, pp.260-263
- Shaw, Debora "Libraries of the Future: Glimpses of a Networked, Distributed, Collaborative, Hyper, Virtual World", Libri, 1994, vol. 44, no. 3, pp.206-223
1993
- Belbenoit-Avich, Pierre-Marie "La Bibliothèque électronique. Bibliothèque de demain ou d'aujourd'hui?", Bulletin des Bibliothèques de France, no. 6, 1993, pp.60-65
- Piggott, Sylvia E. A. "The Virtual Library: Almost There... ", Special Libraries, fall 1993, pp.206-212
- Sloan, Bernard ed. "Managing the Virtual Library: Issues and Case Studies", Meckler Publishing Corporation, 1993
- Stahal, D. Gail "The Virtual Library: Prospect and Promise or Plus ça Change, Plus C'Est la Même Chose", Special Libraries, fall 1993, pp.202-205
1992
- Penniman, W. David "The Library of Tomorrow: a universal window serving independent problem solvers", Library High-Tech, issue 40, 1992, pp.23-26
Alphabetic List (^)
(Authors)
- Bakker, Trix "La bibliothèque virtuelle. Conséquences sur le développement des collections aux Pays-Bas", Bulletin des Bibliothèques de France, no. 3, 1997, pp.55-59
- Barker, Philip "Electronic Libraries - visions of the future", The Electronic Library, vol. 12, no. 4, August 1994, pp.221-229
- Barker, Philip "Living books and dynamic electronic libraries", The Electronic Library, vol. 14, no. 6, December 1996, pp.491-501
- Bawden, David and Ian Rowlands "Digital Libraries: Assumptions and Concepts", 1999, vol. 49, pp.181-191
- Belbenoit-Avich, Pierre-Marie "La Bibliothèque électronique. Bibliothèque de demain ou d'aujourd'hui?", BBF, no. 6, 1993, pp.60-65
- Bhatt, Anjlee "Digital Libraries" [http://www.freepint.com/issues/090103.htm#feature]
- Billington, James H. et alii "Summary Sessions: Steps needed to create a National Digital Library", Liber, 5, 1995, pp.137-141
- Bogros, Olivier "La bibliothèque électronique de Lisieux", Association des Bibliothécaires Français, no. 174, 1997, pp.124-125
- Bunzel, Jûrgen "A Survey of Computer Applications in German Libraries", Liber, 4, 1994, pp.261-273
- Catenazzi, Nadia et Sommaruga, Lorenzo "An Electronic Library based on Hyper-Books: the Hyper-Lib Project", Online & CDRom Review, vol. 19, no. 3, 1995, pp.127-134
- Clayes, Kay "The Journey from Vision to Reality of a Virtual Library", Special Libraries, fall 1994, pp.253-257
- Dowler, Lawrence and Farwell, Laura "The Gateway: A Bridge to the Library of the Future", Reference Services Review, summer 1996, pp.7-11
- Duncan, Moira "The Electronic Library at Work", Managing Information, June 1997, pp.31-34
- Enderle , Wilfried "En route vers la bibliothèque numérique. Les projets en Allemagne", Bulletin des Bibliothèques de France, no. 3, 1997, pp.60-63
- Ensor, Pat ed. "The Cybrarian’s Manual", American Library Association, Chicago and London, 1997
- Faulhaber, Charles B. "Distance Learning and Digital Libraries: Two Sides of a Single Coin", Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 47, 11, 1996, pp.854-856
- Fox, Edward et alii "Digital Libraries", Communications of the ACM, April 1995, vol.30, no.4, pp.23-28
- Fox, Edward A. and Gary Marchionini, guest editors, "Toward a Worldwide Digital Library", April 1998, no. 4, pp.29-32
- Fox, Robert "Tomorrow’s Library Today", Communications of the ACM, January 1997, vol.40, no.1, pp.20-21
- Graham, Peter S. "Requirements for the Digital Research Library", College & Research Library, July 1995, pp.331-339
- Haavisto, Tuula "Internet dans les bibliothèques finlandaises", Bulletin des Bibliothèques de France, no. 3, 1997, pp.64-69
- Hüser, Christopher et alii "Knowledge-based Editing and Visualisation for Hypermedia Encyclopaedias", Communications of the ACM, April 1995, vol.30, no.4, pp.49-50
- Jeapes, Ben "Digital libraries projects: where they are now - part one", The Electronic Library, vol. 13, no. 6, December 1995, pp.551-554
- Jeapes, Ben "Digital libraries projects: where they are now - part two", The Electronic Library, vol. 14, no. 1, February 1996, pp.62-64
- Kane, Oumar "Comment les Bibliothèques Gèrent les Problèmes des Journaux Electroniques", Rapport de recherche bibliographique, Enssib, Dessid, mars 1998, pp.1-47
- Kuhlthau, Carol Collier (editor) et alii "The Virtual School Libary: Gateway to the Information Superhighway", Libraries Unlimited, 1996
- Laguardia, Cheryl "Recreating the Academic Library: Breaking Virtual Ground", Neal Schuman Publisher, 1998
- Lahary , Dominique "Les bibliothèques françaises sur Internet : petite typologie", Association des Bibliothécaires Français, no. 174, 1997, pp.122-123
- Le Crosnier, Hervé "Les Bibliothèques Numériques", polycopié, octobre 1997, pp.13
- Levy, David and Marshall, Catherine C. "Going Digital: A Look at Assumptions Underlying Digital Libraries", Communications of the ACM, April 1995, vol.30, no.4, pp.77-84
- Lowry, Charles B. et Richards, Barbara G. "Courting Discovery: Managing Transition to the Virtual Library", Library High-Tech, issue 48, 1994, pp.7-13
- Maignien, Yannick "La Bibliothèque virtuelle ou de l'ars memoria à Xanadu", Bulletin des Bibliothèques de France, no. 2, 1995, pp.8-17
- Maignien, Yannick "Bibliothèques numériques : les aiguilleurs du Web", Association des Bibliothécaires Français, no. 174, 1997, pp.126-130
- Marchionini, Gary and Maurer, Hermann "The Roles of Digital Libraries in Teaching and Learning", Communications of the ACM, April 1995, vol.30, no.4, pp.67-75
- Noble, Cherrie "Reflecting on our Future. What will the role of the virtual librarian be?", Computers in Libraries, February 1998, pp.50-54
- Olsen, Jan "Introduction to Cornell University's Albert R. Mann Library", Library High-Tech, Issue 47, 1994, pp.32-37
- Oppenheim, Charles "Virtual Reality - a general overview", Online Information 1993, Proceedings, December 1993, London, England, pp.573-581
- Oppenheim, Charles "The Virtual Library: some common sense please", Managing Information, January 1994, pp.26-27
- Pastine, Maureen ed. "Collection Development : Access in the Virtual Library", Haworth Press, 1997
- Penniman, W. David "The Library of Tomorrow: a universal window serving independent problem solvers", Library High-Tech, issue 40, 1992, pp.23-26
- Piggott, Sylvia E. A. "The Virtual Library: Almost There... ", Special Libraries, fall 1993, pp.206-212
- Powell, Alan "Management Models and Measurement in the Virtual Library", Special Libraries, fall 1994, pp.260-263
- Roumieux, Olivier "Dossier sur la Bibliothèque Virtuelle", Archimag, février 1998, no.11, pp.23-32
- Rowlands, Ian and David Bawden "Digital Libraries: A Conceptual Framework", 1999, vol. 49, pp.192-202
- Rusch-Feja, Diann "Subject-Oriented Collection of Information Resources from the Internet", Libri, 1997, vol. 47, no. 1, pp.1-24
- Sabaratnam, Julie S. "Transforming Libraries to Support Change and Growth. Meeting the challenge of the twenty-first century", in Dempsey, Lorcan et alii "Networking and the Future of Libraries", Library Association Publishing, London 1995, pp.62-75
- Saunders, Laverna M. ed. "The Evolving Virtual Library: visions and case studies", Information Today, 1996
- Shaw, Debora "Libraries of the Future: Glimpses of a Networked, Distributed, Collaborative, Hyper, Virtual World", Libri, 1994, vol. 44, no. 3, pp.206-223
- Sherwell, John "Building the Virtual Library: the case of Smithkline Beecham", Managing Information, june 1997, pp.35-36
- Sloan, Bernard ed. "Managing the Virtual Library: Issues and Case Studies", Meckler Publishing Corporation, 1993
- Stahal, D. Gail "The Virtual Library : Prospect and Promise or Plus ça Change, Plus C'Est la Même Chose", Special Libraries, fall 1993, pp.202-205
- Steele, Colin "The digital library: dos, don'ts and developments", The Electronic Library, vol. 13, no. 5, October 1995, pp.435-437
- Sylge, Caroline "Back to the future. The case of the electronic library", Managing Information, July-August 1996, pp.25-30
- Teller, Sylvie "Modèle de développement d'une bibliothèque virtuelle sur le Web", Documentation et Bibliothèques, avril-juin 1997, pp. 67-72
- Thorn, Suzanne E. "The National Digital Library. Digitization at the Library of Congress", Liber, 5, 1995, pp.145-157
- van Gils, Wouter "The precarious position between content and technology: libraries seeking their future", The Electronic Library, vol. 13, no. 6, December 1996, pp.533-537
- Webb, T. D. "The frozen library: a model for twenty-first century libraries", The Electronic Library, vol. 13, no. 1, February 1995, pp.21-26
- Wiederhold, Gio "Digital Libraries, Value, and Productivity", Communications of the ACM, April 1995, vol.30, no.4, pp.85-96
- Witten, Ian H. and McNab, Rodger "The New Zealand Digital Library: collections and experience", The Electronic Library, vol. 15, n° 6, December 1997, pp.495-504
- Young, Arthur P. and Peters, Thomas A. "Reinventing Alexandria: Managing Change in the Electronic Library", Journal of Library Administration, vol. 22, no. 2/3, 1996, pp.21-41