Texts
- The Problem of Learning
- Problemistics Courseware
- Corso su Problemistica
- Resources Management
- Manuale/Intellettuale
- Campagna/Città
Problemistics - Problémistique - Problemistica
The Art & Craft of Problem Dealing
Simulating
Definition (S. E. Elmaghraby)
Definition (Joël De Rosnay)
Functions (S. E. Elmaghraby)
Functions (Joël De Rosnay)
Related Concept : experimentation (S. E. Elmaghraby)
Model (F. de P. Hanika)
Model (Jay W. Forrester)
[1970] S. E. Elmaghraby, Computers in Production Systems, in M. K. Starr editor, Management of Production, Penguin, Harmondsworth
"... simulation has come to occupy a prominent position as a tool of design and problem solving." (p. 322)
“Simulation is a problem-solving technique, the success of which relies on the representation of the essence of the real-life problem.” (p. 324)
[1975] Joël De Rosnay, Le Macroscope, Seuil, Paris
“La modélisation consiste à construire un modèle à partir des données de l’analyse de systèmes."
"La simulation étudie le comportement dans le temps d’un système complexe."
(Chapitre II, pp. 113-115) controllare
[1970] S. E. Elmaghraby, Computers in Production Systems, in M. K. Starr editor, Management of Production, Penguin, Harmondsworth
"A simulation is a very powerful educational device. The very act of constructing a simulation is instructive to all participants, since complete familiarity with the simulated system is a prerequisite. It is a very good training device, especially if combined with some physical representation of the system. To be able to 'see' and 'play with' the system, that is to say, with its simulation, is of tremendous value in
(a) gaining insight into the relative importance of the various factors,
(b) perceiving the system as a whole with all its interacting elements,
(c) selling new ideas and gaining enthusiasm for proposed changes." (p. 325)
"Simulation may actually assist the process of innovation and discovery by imparting such 'feel' for the problem. The output of simulation is data, and data, whether real or artificial, may suggest new questions or avenues of research not envisaged at the start of the simulation." (p. 325)
[1975] Joël De Rosnay, Le Macroscope, Seuil, Paris
"La simulation cherche à faire vivre' un système en permettant le jeu simultané de toutes ses variables.”
"La simulation représente un nouvel outil d'aide à la décision. Elle permet d'effectuer des choix sur des 'futurs possibles'." (Chapitre II, pp. 113-115)
[1970] S. E. Elmaghraby, Computers in Production Systems, in M. K. Starr editor, Management of Production, Penguin, Harmondsworth
"Scientific investigation proceeds from observation to hypothesis to experimentation and finally, to validation. Simulation may be the only possible way of experimentation because of the impossibility of conducting the experiments and observing the phenomena in the actual environment."
"Alternatively, simulation may be the cheapest way of conducting such experiments when compared with experimentation with the real system, a pilot plant, or even in the laboratory."
"Simulation can be considered the ultimate in controlled experimentation since even random or chance variability can be replicated with the greatest of ease." (pp. 324-325)
[1972, First edition 1965] F. de P. Hanika, New Thinking in Management, Heinemann, London
“Simulation requires some kind of model
- 1. to represent a problem or system
- 2. to permit investigation
- 3. to allow experimentation.”
(Chapter 5, p. 55)
[1968] Jay W. Forrester, in Eric Jantsch ed., Perspectives of Planning, OECD
“A simulation model is a theory describing the structure and interrelationships of the system.” (p. 243)
“The concept of the closed boundary and the development of a simulation model which has within itself all of the generating mechanisms for the problems of the system is essential to successful investigation of complex systems.” (p. 244)
“Working with a simulation model of complex system interactions begins to show why the system behaves the way it does.” “It can show us that great improvement can often be generated at small cost if the critical pressure points within the system can be identified.” (p. 244)